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# 简化的 Lifecycle 执行流程
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1. /cnb/lifecycle/detector      # 检测哪些 buildpack 适用
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2. /cnb/lifecycle/analyzer     # 分析镜像层，准备缓存
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3. /cnb/lifecycle/restorer     # 恢复缓存层
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4. /cnb/lifecycle/builder      # 执行构建
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5. /cnb/lifecycle/exporter     # 导出最终镜像

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#!/bin/bash
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# bin/detect 示例
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# 检查是否存在 package.json，判断是否为 Node.js 项目
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if [ -f "package.json" ]; then
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    echo "nodejs"  # 输出 plan 名称
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    exit 0
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fi
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# 如果不能处理，返回非零退出码
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exit 1

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#!/bin/bash
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# bin/build 示例
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# 设置环境
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export PATH="/cnb/process:$PATH"
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# 安装依赖
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npm install --production
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# 设置启动命令
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cat > launch.toml <<EOF
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[[processes]]
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type = "web"
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command = "npm start"
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EOF

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# Build Image 的基础
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FROM ubuntu:22.04 AS build-image
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RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y \
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    build-essential \
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    curl \
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    git \
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    # ... 更多构建工具
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ENV CNB_USER_ID=1000
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ENV CNB_GROUP_ID=1000
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# Run Image 的基础（通常共享相同的基础镜像）
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FROM ubuntu:22.04 AS run-image
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RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y \
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    ca-certificates \
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    # ... 只安装运行时必需的包

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# builder.toml 示例
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# 构建顺序很重要：Lifecycle 会按顺序尝试检测
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[[buildpacks]]
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  id = "paketo-buildpacks/nodejs"
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  version = "1.0.0"
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  uri = "docker://gcr.io/paketo-buildpacks/nodejs"
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[[buildpacks]]
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  id = "paketo-buildpacks/npm"
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  version = "1.0.0"
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  uri = "docker://gcr.io/paketo-buildpacks/npm"
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[[buildpacks]]
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  id = "paketo-buildpacks/java"
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  version = "1.0.0"
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  uri = "docker://gcr.io/paketo-buildpacks/java"
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# 定义构建顺序和分组
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[[order]]
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  [[order.group]]
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    id = "paketo-buildpacks/nodejs"
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[[order]]
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  [[order.group]]
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    id = "paketo-buildpacks/java"
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# 指定 Stack
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[stack]
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  id = "io.buildpacks.stacks.jammy"
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  build-image = "paketobuildpacks/build-jammy-base"
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  run-image = "paketobuildpacks/run-jammy-base"

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# 使用 pack CLI 构建 builder
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pack builder create my-builder \
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  --config builder.toml \
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  --path ./
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# 查看构建好的 builder 内容
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pack builder inspect my-builder

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# 传统 Dockerfile 示例
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FROM node:18-alpine AS builder
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WORKDIR /app
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COPY package*.json ./
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RUN npm ci --only=production
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COPY . .
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RUN npm run build
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FROM node:18-alpine
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WORKDIR /app
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COPY --from=builder /app/dist ./dist
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COPY --from=builder /app/node_modules ./node_modules
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EXPOSE 3000
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CMD ["npm", "start"]

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# 自动检测语言、安装依赖、构建镜像
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pack build my-app --builder paketobuildpacks/builder-jammy-base

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# 只需重新构建，buildpack 自动应用最新的安全补丁
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pack build my-app --builder paketobuildpacks/builder-jammy-base

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# 构建时自动生成 SBOM
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pack build my-app --builder paketobuildpacks/builder-jammy-base
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# 查看镜像中的 SBOM
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pack inspect my-app --sbom

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{
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  "sbom": {
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    "spdxid": "SPDXRef-DOCUMENT",
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    "documentNamespace": "https://paketo.io/sbom/my-app",
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    "packages": [
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      {
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        "name": "node",
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        "version": "18.17.0",
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        "license": "MIT"
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      },
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      {
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        "name": "npm",
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        "version": "9.6.7",
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        "license": "Artistic-2.0"
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      }
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    ]
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  }
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}

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# 大多数 Web 应用
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pack build my-web-app --builder paketobuildpacks/builder-jammy-base
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# Go、Rust 等静态编译语言（最小镜像）
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pack build my-cli-app --builder paketobuildpacks/builder-jammy-tiny
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# 需要 .NET、PHP 等完整运行时
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pack build my-dotnet-app --builder paketobuildpacks/builder-jammy-full

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# 安装 pack CLI
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# macOS
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brew install buildpacks/tap/pack
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# Linux
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curl -sSL https://github.com/buildpacks/pack/releases/download/v0.32.1/pack-v0.32.1-linux.tgz | tar -C /usr/local/bin --no-same-owner -xzv pack
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# 验证安装
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pack version

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# 创建示例 Node.js 应用
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mkdir my-node-app && cd my-node-app
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# package.json
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cat > package.json << 'EOF'
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{
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  "name": "my-node-app",
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  "version": "1.0.0",
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  "main": "server.js",
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  "scripts": {
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    "start": "node server.js"
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  },
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  "dependencies": {
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    "express": "^4.18.2"
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  }
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}
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EOF
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# server.js
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cat > server.js << 'EOF'
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const express = require('express');
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const app = express();
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const port = process.env.PORT || 3000;
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app.get('/', (req, res) => {
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  res.json({ message: 'Hello from CNB!' });
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});
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app.listen(port, () => {
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  console.log(`App listening on port ${port}`);
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});
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EOF

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# 使用 Paketo builder 构建
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pack build my-node-app \
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  --builder paketobuildpacks/builder-jammy-base
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# 输出示例：
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# ==> DETECTING
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#     5 of 18 buildpacks participating
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#     paketo-buildpacks/ca-certificates   3.6.1
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#     paketo-buildpacks/node-engine      1.2.3
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#     paketo-buildpacks/npm-install      1.0.1
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#     paketo-buildpacks/node-start       1.0.1
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#
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# ==> ANALYZING
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#     Restoring 3 layers from cache
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#
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# ==> BUILDING
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#     Installing Node.js v18.17.0
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#     Installing npm dependencies
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#
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# ==> EXPORTING
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#     Adding layer 'paketo-buildpacks/node-engine'
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#     Adding layer 'paketo-buildpacks/npm-install'
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#     Writing config
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#     Adding label 'io.buildpacks.lifecycle.metadata'

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# 运行构建好的镜像
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docker run -p 3000:3000 my-node-app
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# 测试应用
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curl http://localhost:3000
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# 输出: {"message":"Hello from CNB!"}
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# 查看镜像信息
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pack inspect my-node-app
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# 查看 SBOM
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pack sbom my-node-app

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# 指定 Node.js 版本
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pack build my-node-app \
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  --builder paketobuildpacks/builder-jammy-base \
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  --env BP_NODE_VERSION=20
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# 设置构建时变量
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pack build my-node-app \
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  --env NPM_CONFIG_PRODUCTION=true \
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  --env BP_NODE_PROJECT_PATH=./backend
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# 配置运行时环境变量
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pack build my-node-app \
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  --env BPE_MY_VAR=my-value

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# kpack Image 资源示例
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apiVersion: kpack.io/v1alpha2
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kind: Image
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metadata:
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  name: my-node-app
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spec:
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  tag: registry.example.com/my-node-app
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  builder:
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    name: my-builder
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    kind: ClusterBuilder
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  source:
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    git:
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      url: https://github.com/myorg/my-node-app
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      revision: main

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# 使用固定版本的 builder
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pack build my-app \
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  --builder paketobuildpacks/builder-jammy-base:0.4.0
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# 而不是 latest
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pack build my-app \
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  --builder paketobuildpacks/builder-jammy-base:latest  # 不推荐

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# 启用卷缓存（本地开发）
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pack build my-app \
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  --builder paketobuildpacks/builder-jammy-base \
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  --volume ~/.pack/cache:/cache
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# CI 环境使用镜像缓存
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pack build my-app \
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  --cache-image registry.example.com/cache:my-app

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# 开发环境
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pack build my-app --env BP_NODE_VERSION=18 --env NODE_ENV=development
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# 生产环境
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pack build my-app \
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  --env BP_NODE_VERSION=18 \
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  --env NODE_ENV=production \
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  --env NPM_CONFIG_PRODUCTION=true

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# 使用最小化 run image
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pack build my-app \
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  --builder paketobuildpacks/builder-jammy-tiny
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# 指定特定版本的 run image
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pack build my-app \
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  --builder paketobuildpacks/builder-jammy-base \
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  --run-image paketobuildpacks/run-jammy-base:1.2.3